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Dyssomnias

Dyssomnias are a broad classification of sleep disorder that make it difficult to get to sleep, or to stay asleep.

Dyssomnias are primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep.

Patients may complain of difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep, intermittent wakefulness during the night, early morning awakening, or combinations of any of these. Transient episodes are usually of little significance. Stress, caffeine, physical discomfort, daytime napping, and early bedtimes are common factors.

Major types of dyssomnias


There are over 30 recognized kinds of dyssomnias. Major groups of dyssomnias include:

Intrinsic sleep disorders - 12 disorders recognized, including:
Hypersomnia
Narcolepsy
Periodic limb movement disorder
Restless legs syndrome
Sleep apnea


Extrinsic sleep disorders - 13 disorders recognized, including:

Alcohol-dependent sleep disorder
Food allergy insomnia
Inadequate sleep routine


Circadian rhythm sleep disorders - 6 disorders recognized, including:


Advanced sleep phase syndrome
Delayed sleep phase syndrome
Jetlag
Shift work sleep disorder

Dyssomnias Treatment


In general, there are two broad classes of treatment, and the two may be combined: psychological (cognitive-behavioral) and pharmacologic. In situations of acute distress, such as a grief reaction, pharmacologic measures may be most appropriate. With primary insomnia, however, initial efforts should be psychologically based.


 

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